Earthquake Resistant Building Construction

1.         Introduction to Earthquake and earthquake seismology 

            1.1       Introduction

            1.2       What is an Earthquake?

            1.3       Causes of Earthquake

                        1.3.1     Tectonic Earthquake

                        1.3.2     Non-Tectonic Earthquake

            1.4       Important Terms Related to Earthquake

            1.5       Seismic Waves

                        1.5.1     Body Waves

                        1.5.3     How Seismic Waves are Used in Earthquake Studies

                        1.5.4     Seismic Wave Path Through the Earth

            1.6       Seismic Measurement

                        1.6.1     Nomenclature

                        1.6.2     Method of Locating Epicentre of an Earthquake

                        1.6.3     Method of Earthquake Measurement

            1.7       Intensity of Earthquake

            1.8       Seismic Zones of India

            1.9       Static Loading and Dynamic Loading

                        1.9.1     Static Loading

                        1.9.2     Dynamic Loading

            Exercise

2.         SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURE DURING EARTHQUAKES.

            2.1       Introduction

            2.2       Effect of Earthquake

            2.3       Ground Shaking Effect on Structures

            2.4       Nature of Stress Due to Seismic Force

            2.5       Various Factors Affecting Damages Due to Earthquake

            2.6       Failure Mechanisms Due to Earthquakes Considering Various Masonry Wall Configurations

            2.7       Earthquake Damage Categories

            2.8       Name of Various Past Earthquake and Their Magnitude

            Exercise

3.         EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT DESIGN

            3.1       Introduction

            3.2       Earthquake Resistant Building

            3.3       Earthquake design Criteria

            3.4       Acceptable Damage

            3.5       Concept of Strong Column and Weak Beam

            3.6       Quality Control in Construction

            3.7       Choice of Design Earthquake

            3.8       Oscillations of Flexible Buildings

            3.9       Importance of seismic design

            3.10     How Seismic Forces are Determined

            3.11     Assumption for Designing the Building as per IS: 1893-1993

            3.12     Load Combination

            3.13     Design Spectrum as per IS: 1894-2002

            Exercise

4.         CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT MASONRY BUILDINGS 

            4.1       Introduction

            4.2       General Principles of Earthquake Resistance Building

            4.3       General Principles for Earthquake-Resistant Design and Construction of Buildings (as per IS: 4326-2013)

            4.4       Special Construction features for Earthquake-Resistant Buildings as per IS: 4326-2013

            4.5       Damage and Failure of Masonry Buildings

            4.6       Failure of Roofs and Floors

            4.7       Causes of Damage in Masonry Buildings

            4.8       Behavior of Brick Masonry Wall

            4.9       Strength of Masonry

            4.10     Modes of Failure in Earthquake-Resistant Buildings

            Exercise

5.         MODERN TECHNIQUES USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE BUILDINGS          

            5.1       Pneumatic Systems in Earthquake Resistant Construction

                        5.1.1     Components of Pneumatic Systems

                        5.1.2     Working of Pneumatic Systems

                        5.1.3     Advantages of Pneumatic Systems in Earthquake Resistant Construction

                        5.1.4     Limitations of Pneumatic Systems in Earthquake Resistant Construction

            5.2       Base Isolation as an Earthquake Resistant Technique

                        5.2.1     Working Principle of Base Isolation

                        5.2.2     The Concept of Decoupling

                        5.2.3     Energy Absorption and Dissipation

                        5.2.4     Reduction of Seismic Force Transmission

                        5.2.5     Horizontal Flexibility

                        5.2.6     Vertical Load-Bearing Capacity

                        5.2.7     Pendulum Effect in Advanced Systems

                        5.2.8     Real-Time Adaptation

                        5.2.9     After an Earthquake

            5.3       Seismic Dampers in Earthquake Resistant Buildings

            5.4       Reinforced Concrete and Steel Frameworks as Earthquake-Resistant Structures

            5.5       Advanced Materials for Earthquake Resistance

            5.6       Emerging Techniques and Technologies

            Exercise

6.         PLANNING, DESIGNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDINGS   

            6.1       Introduction

            6.2       Structural System for Seismic Resistance

            6.3       Importance of Planning and designing in earthquake Resistant Building

                        6.3.1     Architectural Aspects

                        6.3.2     Size of Building

                        6.3.3     Vertical Layout of Building

                        6.3.4     Adjacency of Buildings

                        6.3.5     I.S. Specification for Regular and Irregular Configurations

            6.4       Special Construction Method Tips and Precautions for Earthquake-Resistant Buildings

            Exercise

7.         INTRODUCTION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION CODES       

            7.1       Overview of Earthquake-Resistant Building Codes in India

            7.2       Introduction to Various Earthquake-Resistant Building Construction Codes as per BIS

            7.3       Importance of Seismic Codes in Various Aspects

            7.4       Assumptions Made in IS: 1893-2000 for the Earthquake-Resistant Design of Structures

            7.5       General Specifications of IS: 13920-1993

                        7.5.1     Detailing of Reinforcement as per IS: 13920-1993

                        7.5.2     Provision as Per IS: 13920-1993, Precautions for Earthquake for Beam

                        7.5.3     Detailing of Reinforcement in Column as per IS: 13920-1993

            7.6       General Principles Considered as per IS: 4326–1993

            Exercise

8.         seismic provision of strengthening and retrofitting measures for building construction

            8.1       Introduction

            8.2       Concepts of Repairing, Restoration, Retrofitting and Strengthening of Existing Structures

            8.3       Repair Materials

            8.4       Seismic Provision of Strengthening

            8.5       Seismic Strengthening Technique

                        8.5.1     Strengthening R.C. Members

                        8.5.2     Strengthening of Foundation

            8.6       Retrofitting

            8.7       Non-Conventional Methods of Retrofitting Used for RCC Buildings

            8.8       Retrofitting in Masonry construction: Methods and Techniques

            8.9       Retrofitting in RCC Structures

            Exercise

9.         DISASTER MANAGEMENT

            9.1       Introduction to Disaster

            9.2       Human Induced Disasters

                        9.2.1     Chemical and Industrial Accidents

                        9.2.2     Biological Disasters

            9.3       Disaster Management

                        9.3.1     Concept of Disaster Management

                        9.3.2     Functions of Disaster Management

                        9.3.3     Objectives of Disaster Management

                        9.3.4     Phases of Disaster Management

            9.4       Disaster Management in India

                        9.4.1     Disaster Management Framework in India

                        9.4.2     National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

                        9.4.3     National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)

                        9.4.4     State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)

                        9.4.5     Disaster Management at Field Level

                        9.4.6     Private Sector

                        9.4.7     Community and Voluntary Agencies

                        9.4.8     Contribution of Society Service Organization in Disaster Management

                        9.4.9     Human Resources Development

                        9.4.10   Disaster Awareness

                        9.4.11   Information, Education and Communication

                        9.4.12   Disaster Preparedness

                        9.4.13   Disaster Response and Mitigation Funds

            Exercise

10.       UNDERSTANDING DISASTER RESCUE, DEBRIS CLEARANCE AND CASUALTY MANAGEMENT IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT 

            10.1     Introduction to Disaster Rescue

            10.2     Psychology of Rescue

            10.3     Psychological Impact on Victims

            10.4     Psychological Support for Victims

            10.5     Psychological Challenges for Rescue Workers

            10.6     Coping Strategies for Rescue Workers

            10.7     Rescue Workers and Their Role in disaster Rescue

            10.8     Roles and Responsibilities of Rescue Workers

            10.9     Rescue Plan in Disaster Management

            10.10   Stages of Rescue in Disaster management

            10.11   Factors Influencing Rescue Plans and Stages

            10.12   Rescue-By-Steps in Disaster Management

            10.13   Factors Influencing Rescue-By-Steps

            10.14   Rescue Equipment in Disaster Management

            10.15   Safety in Rescue Operations

            10.16   Debris Clearance in Disaster Management

            10.17   Types of Debris

            10.18   Phases of Debris Clearance

            10.19   Percussion Debris Clearance

            10.20   Casualty Management

            10.21   Functions of Casualty Management

            10.22   Classification of Casualties

            Exercise